Overview
Intraerythrocytic structures distinct from parasites and stain artifact.
Classification
| Inclusion | Stain | Associations (not exclusive) |
|---|---|---|
| Howell-Jolly body | Wright-Giemsa | Asplenia, megaloblastic anemia |
| Pappenheimer bodies | Wright-Giemsa; Perls confirm | Sideroblastic anemia, hyposplenia, post-transfusion |
| Basophilic stippling | Wright-Giemsa | Lead toxicity, thalassemia, unstable Hb |
| Heinz bodies | Supravital | G6PD deficiency, unstable hemoglobins, oxidative stress |
Morphologic Features
Do not confuse with malaria parasites, travel and thick smear protocols apply.
Laboratory Characteristics
- Special stains per institutional protocol
Reference Intervals
Qualitative, report presence and approximate frequency if required.
Clinical and Laboratory Significance
Suggest correlation, not definitive etiology from inclusion alone.
Differential Considerations
Comparison Tables
Classification Frameworks
Laboratory Notes
- Artifact: stain precipitate and drying cracks, scan field context.
References
Authoritative textbooks, guidelines, and reviews supporting this reference entry. Verify reference intervals, critical limits, and reflex criteria against institutional protocols and current guideline editions.
Textbooks
- McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24th ed. Elsevier; 2021.
- Rodak BF, Carr JH. Rodak's Hematology: Clinical Principles and Applications. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2020.
- McKenzie SB, Williams JL. Clinical Laboratory Hematology. 4th ed. Pearson; 2022.
- Bain BJ. Blood Cells: A Practical Guide. 5th ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2015.
CLSI and Professional Guidelines
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Reference and Selected Performance Standards for the Automated Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC). CLSI document H26-A2. CLSI; 2010.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Defining, Establishing, and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory; Approved Standard. CLSI document EP28-A3c. CLSI; 2010.
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Management of Critical- and Significant-Risk Results. CLSI guideline GP47-Ed1. CLSI; 2015.
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