Additional Test References
Test methodology, interpretation notes, and clinical laboratory use.
Browse this Medical Laboratory Library collection for additional test references reference articles that support laboratory lookup and Medical Laboratory Science education.
185 references in this catalogue
Catalogue references
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CBC Preanalytical Variables . Reference
Concise lookup of patient, collection, and transport factors affecting CBC accuracy.
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RBC Indices . Formulas Reference
MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW definitions and calculation logic, no universal numeric ranges.
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CBC Absolute Count Calculations . Reference
Formulas for ANC and other absolute leukocyte counts, band inclusion institution-dependent.
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CBC Analyzer Flags . Reference
Common automated flag types and typical reflex actions, verify against analyzer manual and SOP.
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Clinical Differential Interpretation . Reference
Absolute subset count formulas, complements Module 3 differential lesson.
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Immature Granulocytes . Reference
IG vs bands, smear constituents, and reflex criteria, overview; Neutrophils lesson for depth.
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Left Shift . Quick Reference
Bands, IG, and reactive pattern overview . Neutrophils lesson owns granulocyte depth.
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Toxic Changes . Smear Reference
Toxic granulation, Döhle bodies, vacuolation, reactive neutrophil morphology overview.
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WBC Interpretation Workflow . Checklist
Stepwise capstone workflow integrating CBC, differential, morphology, and notification.
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RBC Indices . Quick Reference
MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW formulas and pattern table, complements Module 3 rbc-indices calculations.
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Reticulocytes . Interpretation Reference
Absolute count, percentage, and corrected reticulocyte overview . Module 3 owns assay methods.
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RBC Inclusions . Smear Reference
Howell-Jolly, Pappenheimer, basophilic stippling, Heinz bodies, stains and associations.
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Normal RBC Morphology . Benchmark
Normocytic normochromic reference appearance for smear comparison.
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Platelet Count . Quick Reference
Count units, smear estimate concept, and verification triggers . Module 3 owns methodology.
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MPV . Quick Reference
MPV interpretation with count patterns, not definitive diagnosis alone.
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Platelet Morphology . Smear Reference
Normal and abnormal platelet smear findings with differential associations.
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Pseudothrombocytopenia . Reference
EDTA-dependent false thrombocytopenia recognition and verification.
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Flow Cytometry . Test Reference
Immunophenotyping role and report elements.
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Cytogenetic and Molecular Testing . Reference
Karyotype, FISH, and molecular panel overview.
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Amplification and Detection . Basic Overview
Lookup reference for why clinical molecular assays amplify target nucleic acid, PCR at a practical level, and common detection approaches.
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The Molecular Laboratory Workflow
Quick-reference order-to-report pathway for molecular testing: specimen, extraction, amplification, detection, controls, and report.
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Understanding Controls
Quick-reference guide to positive, negative, and internal/extraction molecular controls and what each protects against.
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Selecting the Correct Specimen
Quick reference for matching the ordered molecular assay to its validated specimen type, assay-specific, not universal.
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Patient Identification and Request Verification
Quick reference for two-identifier checks and label-versus-requisition verification before molecular testing.
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Common Molecular Specimen Types
Specimen-selection lookup for common molecular matrices and typical clinical uses, requirements remain assay-specific.
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Specimen Collection Principles
Quick reference for molecular collection: correct device/media, adequate sample, contamination control, and timing when required.
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Transport and Storage
Quick reference for molecular specimen transport and storage: assay-specific temperature and time limits, with practical DNA vs RNA stability awareness.
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Specimen Acceptance and Rejection
Quick-reference accept/reject/consult SOP guide for molecular specimens: labeling, type, leaks, media, volume, and transport.
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Introduction to Nucleic Acid Extraction
Quick-reference definition of nucleic acid extraction as DNA/RNA purification and the lyse → bind/wash → elute workflow.
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DNA Extraction
Quick-reference guide to DNA extraction goals: purify usable DNA with a validated method from an acceptable specimen.
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RNA Extraction
Quick-reference guide to RNA extraction: purify labile RNA with RNase awareness, prompt processing, and assay-specific handling.
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Manual versus Automated Extraction
Quick-reference comparison of manual and automated nucleic acid extraction: shared purification goal, automation benefits, and unchanged QC/SOP duties.
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Nucleic Acid Quantity and Purity
Quick-reference guide to post-extraction quantity and purity checks: why they are used, how low yield differs from inhibition or degradation, and SOP-specific acceptance.
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Extraction Controls
Quick-reference guide to process/extraction controls that confirm nucleic acid recovery or extraction integrity, and what to do when they fail.
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PCR Inhibitors
Quick-reference guide to substances that can block PCR/amplification, common specimen sources, and how inhibition appears as failed internal controls or invalid results.
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Extraction Failure and Troubleshooting
Quick-reference troubleshooting guide for nucleic acid extraction failures: recognize patterns, hold release, and recollect/re-extract per SOP, never invent a negative.
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PCR . The Basic Idea
Quick reference: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) copies a selected nucleic acid target so it can be detected in clinical testing.
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PCR Reaction Components
Quick reference for practical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) components: primers, polymerase, dNTPs, template, and buffer/Mg.
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The PCR Cycle
Quick reference for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle: denaturation, annealing, and extension.
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Conventional PCR
Quick reference for conventional (end-point) polymerase chain reaction (PCR): detection after amplification cycles complete.
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Reverse Transcription PCR
Quick reference for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR): RNA → cDNA, then PCR copies the selected target.
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Real-Time PCR
Quick reference for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR): amplification with fluorescence detection during cycles; assay-dependent Ct/Cq.
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Qualitative versus Quantitative Testing
Quick reference: qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reports detected/not detected; quantitative PCR reports amount (for example, viral load concepts), do not overclaim or convert.
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Multiplex PCR
Quick reference: multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detects multiple selected targets in one reaction when the assay is designed and validated for it.
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Digital PCR . Brief Clinical Overview
Quick awareness reference: digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) partitions a sample into many reactions; positive partitions support absolute quantification concepts, no deep math.
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Primers and Probes
Quick reference: primers select the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) target; probes help detect amplification, keep design literacy concise and assay-specific.
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Fluorescence and Detection
Quick reference: fluorescence is the detection signal used in many real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, interpret with assay rules, not brightness myths.
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Internal, Positive, and Negative Controls
Quick reference: positive, negative, and internal controls in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, what each protects, and failed IC ≠ safe negative.
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Amplification Curves
Quick reference for reading clinical PCR amplification curve patterns: no amp, late amp, inhibition, and valid controls.
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Ct and Cq Values
Quick reference for cycle threshold (Ct) / quantification cycle (Cq): assay-dependent laboratory readouts, not universal cutoffs or severity scores.
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PCR Inhibition
Quick reference for inhibited PCR amplification: failed/weak internal control clues, hold release, and never call a true negative from an invalid reaction.
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PCR Contamination
Quick reference for PCR contamination risks (amplicon, specimen, reagent), false-positive clues, and unidirectional workflow awareness.
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Common PCR Failures
Quick pattern card for clinical PCR failures: no amplification, failed controls, unexpected positives, and late curves, with safe first responses.
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Basic Troubleshooting
First-line PCR troubleshooting card: hold release, check controls, recollect/repeat per SOP, never invent a negative from a failed run.
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Molecular Testing for Infectious Diseases
Quick reference: molecular infectious-disease assays detect selected pathogen nucleic acid targets, detection ≠ active disease / viability / clinical significance by itself.
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Respiratory Pathogen Testing
Quick reference: respiratory molecular panels/assays on nasopharyngeal (NP) or other validated swabs, detection ≠ colonization alone or automatic clinical significance.
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Blood-Borne Virus Testing
Quick reference: molecular roles for selected blood-borne viruses (e.g., HIV, HBV, HCV), detection vs monitoring intents; correlate when required.
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Viral Load Testing
Quick reference: quantitative viral load reports amount of selected viral nucleic acid in assay-specific units, do not borrow cutoffs or invent loads from qualitative tests.
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Human Papillomavirus Testing
Quick reference: human papillomavirus (HPV) molecular testing detects selected HPV nucleic acid targets/categories, not a genotype encyclopedia; detection ≠ cancer diagnosis alone.
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Tuberculosis Molecular Testing
Quick reference: TB molecular detection ± selected resistance markers, culture correlation often needed; detection ≠ viability alone; resistance gene may not replace phenotypic AST.
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Gastrointestinal Molecular Panels
Quick reference: stool multiplex GI pathogen panels detect selected nucleic acid targets, detection ≠ clinical diarrhea causation by itself.
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Sexually Transmitted Infection Panels
Quick reference: STI molecular panels detect selected targets from assay-validated specimens, menus/specimens are institutional; detection ≠ significance alone.
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Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Detection
Quick reference: selected resistance-gene nucleic acid detection, may not replace phenotypic AST in every situation; detection ≠ automatic phenotype.
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Pharmacogenomic Testing . Introductory Overview
Quick reference: pharmacogenomic (PGx) laboratory genotyping, results only, no prescribing teaching.
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Start with the Controls
Quick reference: confirm molecular control validity before reading or releasing patient target results.
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Valid, Invalid, and Inconclusive Results
Quick reference: distinguish valid, invalid, and inconclusive/indeterminate molecular outcomes, never report invalid as negative.
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Positive Results
Quick reference: a valid positive/detected molecular result means target criteria were met, not automatic proof of active disease.
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Negative Results
Quick reference: a valid not-detected result means target criteria were not met, not absolute disease exclusion; invalid ≠ negative.
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Detected Below Quantification Range
Quick reference: detected-below-quantification means target detected below the validated quantifying range, do not invent a number.
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Quantitative Results and Units
Quick reference: quantitative molecular results need correct assay units and reportable-range handling, no borrowed cutoffs or Ct inventions.
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Ct and Cq Interpretation
Quick interpretation reference: Ct/Cq are method-dependent readouts, not universal cutoffs, severity scores, or infectiousness meters.
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False-Positive Results
Quick reference for false-positive molecular patterns: control/batch clues, contamination pathways, and positive ≠ always active disease.
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False-Negative Results
Quick reference for false-negative molecular patterns: specimen/control clues, invalid ≠ negative, and negative ≠ always exclude disease.
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Low Target Concentration
Quick reference for low-target molecular interpretation near assay limits, validated categories only, no unsupported soft clinical grades.
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PCR Inhibition
Quick interpretation reference for inhibited PCR: failed/weak IC clues, invalid ≠ negative, and SOP recovery before release.
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Contamination Patterns
Quick reference for contamination-pattern interpretation: failed negative controls, unexpected positive clusters, hold/investigate, and no unsupported disease certainty.
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Repeat Testing
Quick reference: when and how to repeat molecular assays under SOP, without inventing negatives or clinical certainty.
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Discordant Results
Quick reference: safe approach to molecular results that conflict with other laboratory or clinical findings.
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Clinical and Laboratory Correlation
Quick reference: seven-step molecular interpretation sequence with clinical/laboratory correlation after analytical validity.
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Writing the Molecular Laboratory Report
Quick reference: validated molecular report wording, categories, units, and phrases to avoid.
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Communicating Urgent or Significant Findings
Quick reference: notify urgent/significant molecular results with validated wording and full documentation.
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Common Interpretation Errors
Result-interpretation guide: full seven-step molecular sequence, common errors, and Module 5 guardrails.
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Molecular Laboratory Layout
Quick reference for molecular laboratory zones, layout priorities, and clean-versus-dirty bench decisions.
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Unidirectional Workflow
Key molecular workflow reference: zone order from specimen receipt through reporting, and reverse-traffic guardrails.
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Pre-Amplification and Post-Amplification Areas
Quick reference distinguishing pre-amplification and post-amplification areas, allowed activities, and traffic rules.
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Contamination Prevention
Everyday molecular contamination-prevention checklist: layout, tools, PPE, capping, workflow direction, controls, and cleaning.
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Cleaning and Decontamination
Practical molecular cleaning versus event decontamination: when to clean, what to prioritize, and SOP-bound agents/contact times.
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Personal Protective Equipment
Quick reference: molecular PPE protects staff and reduces contamination risk across unidirectional zones.
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Reagent Preparation and Storage
Quick reference: clean-area molecular reagent prep, aliquoting, storage, and lot traceability that protect assay integrity.
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Positive and Negative Controls
Quick reference: molecular positive and negative/NTC controls as QC release gates, and what failures mean.
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Internal Controls
Quick reference: molecular internal/process controls, specimen-level QC, inhibition clues, and invalid ≠ negative.
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Environmental Monitoring . Overview
Quick reference: molecular environmental monitoring detects workspace contamination risk and complements, does not replace, run QC.
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Equipment Maintenance
Quick reference: everyday maintenance expectations for molecular instruments and support equipment.
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Calibration and Verification
Quick reference: introductory distinction between calibration, verification, QC, method verification, and validation in molecular practice.
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Lot-to-Lot Checks
Quick reference: planned comparison of a new molecular reagent/kit lot before routine patient use.
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Method Verification
Quick reference: introductory method verification vs validation, QC, calibration, and lot checks for molecular assays.
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Quality Control Review
Quick reference: review molecular QC before patient release and distinguish QC from verification, validation, and calibration.
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External Quality Assessment
Quick reference: EQA / proficiency testing is an outside challenge of molecular performance, not a substitute for daily QC, and not one universal accreditation scheme.
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Documentation and Traceability
Quick reference: reconstruct molecular episodes with specimen, lot, instrument/run, operator, control, and authorization records.
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Result Authorization
Quick reference: authorize molecular results only after specimen, control, criteria, documentation, and wording checks, hold when validity is incomplete.
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Molecular Report Requirements
Quick reference: molecular reports need clear identity, assay context, validated result language, units when quantitative, and no unsupported certainty.
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Error Investigation and Corrective Action
Quick reference: hold, contain contamination, trace lots/runs, correct affected results, and prevent recurrence, then confirm Module 6 skills.
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ABO Blood Group System
Lookup reference for ABO antigens A/B/H, naturally occurring anti-A/anti-B, Landsteiner concordance, and transfusion-critical interpretation.
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Rh Blood Group System
Lookup reference for Rh D focus, weak/partial D policy concepts, and clinically significant Rh antibodies.
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Kell Blood Group System
Lookup reference for Kell antigens K/k, clinically significant KEL antibodies, and antigen-negative RBC selection.
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Duffy Blood Group System
Lookup reference for Fya/Fyb, enzyme destruction of Duffy antigens, Fy(a−b−) context, and clinically significant Duffy antibodies.
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Kidd Blood Group System
Lookup reference for Jka/Jkb, dosage, antibody evanescence, and delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction risk.
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MNS Blood Group System
Lookup reference for M/N/S/s antigens and the MNS antibody significance spectrum from cold-reactive to clinically significant AHG antibodies.
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Lewis Blood Group System
Lookup reference for Le(a)/Le(b) plasma-adsorbed antigens, secretor-linked phenotypes, and usually insignificant Lewis antibodies.
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P Blood Group System
Lookup reference for P1/P antigen framing, cold-reactive anti-P1, and rare high-stakes P-system entities.
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Other Clinically Significant Blood Groups
Lookup for Lutheran, Diego, Cartwright, Dombrock, Colton, and high/low-frequency antigen framing in unexpected antibody workups.
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Laboratory Blood Typing
Lookup for ABO/Rh typing workflow, reagent roles, controls, and release checkpoints.
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Forward Typing
Lookup for ABO forward (cell) typing patterns, weak/mixed-field clues, and interpretation checkpoints.
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Reverse Typing
Lookup for ABO reverse (serum/plasma) typing patterns, expected isoagglutinins, and discrepancy cues.
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Blood Group Interpretation
Lookup for integrating forward, reverse, and Rh results into a reportable ABO/Rh blood group.
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Common Blood Group Discrepancies
Lookup for ABO discrepancy classes, common causes, and structured resolution framing.
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Clinically Significant Antibodies
Lookup reference ranking unexpected red-cell antibodies as usually clinically significant versus usually clinically insignificant, with representative examples and phase correlation.
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Unexpected Antibodies
Lookup reference for unexpected (non-ABO) antibodies, alloantibody vs autoantibody framing and the screen-to-identification laboratory pathway.
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Antibody Screening
Lookup reference for the antibody screen, screening cell composition, IS/37 °C/AHG phases, controls, and the reflex path from a positive screen to panel identification.
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Antibody Identification: Panel Strategy & Interpretation
Lookup reference for antibody identification panels, rule-out/rule-in logic, dosage, multiple antibodies, enhancement techniques (conceptual), and phenotype confirmation.
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Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)
Lookup reference for the direct antiglobulin test, polyspecific vs monospecific reagent use, in vivo coating causes, and clinical-context interpretation for hemolysis, HDFN, and reaction workups.
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Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT)
Lookup reference for the indirect antiglobulin test principle, in vitro sensitization plus AHG detection, across screening, identification, crossmatch, and antigen typing, with check-cell control requirements.
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Whole Blood
Lookup reference for whole blood as an unseparated donor collection, composition, storage/labeling expectations, and the visual-inspection and validated-refrigeration checks that gate storage, transport, and issue.
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Packed Red Blood Cells
Lookup reference for packed red blood cells, preparation from whole blood, additive-solution/storage basics, and the visual-inspection and return/reissue checks that gate release from the laboratory.
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Fresh Frozen Plasma
Lookup reference for fresh frozen plasma, freezing-timing rationale, thaw-clock and post-thaw relabeling rules, and ABO-compatibility logic for laboratory issue decisions.
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Platelets (Blood Component)
Lookup reference for platelet concentrates and apheresis platelets, room-temperature agitated storage, the swirl-sign inspection check, and bacterial-risk mitigation basics that gate laboratory release.
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Cryoprecipitate
Lookup reference for cryoprecipitate, cold-insoluble concentrated fraction of thawed FFP, pooling/traceability requirements, and the post-pool dating-clock rules that gate laboratory release.
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Plasma Derivatives
Lookup reference for manufactured plasma-derived products (albumin, IVIG, clotting-factor concentrates, educational overview) and the receipt/storage/issue distinctions that separate them from blood-bank components.
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Component Preparation
Lookup reference for whole-blood-derived (centrifugation) and apheresis component preparation pathways, QC sampling concepts, and the labeling handoff verified at receipt.
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Storage Conditions
Lookup for component storage categories, monitoring/alarms, and quarantine after temperature excursions.
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Shelf Life
Lookup reference for component dating/outdate concepts by product type, thaw-clock logic, and irradiation's educational effect on expiration, exact day/hour counts hedged to current standards and SOP.
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Transportation
Lookup reference for validated component transport containers, chain-of-custody practice, and the systematic receipt inspection performed before acceptance or issue.
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Blood Component Indications
Lookup reference mapping common transfusion order categories to the blood-bank component the laboratory prepares and issues, from a stewardship (not therapeutic) perspective.
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Laboratory Component Handling
Lookup reference for visual inspection, label verification, issue documentation, return criteria, and quarantine practices at the transfusion-service bench.
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Pre-Transfusion Testing
Lookup reference for the pre-transfusion testing pathway, specimen receipt and acceptability, ABO/Rh typing, the antibody screen, and the decision to crossmatch or hold for workup.
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Crossmatching
Lookup reference for the major crossmatch, purpose, the three method types (electronic, immediate spin, AHG), and how antibody screen result and history determine method selection.
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Electronic Crossmatch
Lookup reference for the electronic (computer) crossmatch, eligibility criteria, the role of a validated LIS ABO compatibility check, and disqualifying findings that require a serologic method instead.
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Immediate Spin Crossmatch
Lookup reference for the immediate-spin crossmatch, room-temperature serologic ABO compatibility check, eligibility limits, and when the AHG phase must still be added.
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AHG Crossmatch
Lookup reference for the antihuman globulin (AHG) crossmatch, indications, the three read phases, check-cell validation, and the distinction between true incompatibility and a resolvable reaction.
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Emergency Release Blood
Lookup reference for uncrossmatched emergency-release blood, typical product selection, required documentation and physician acknowledgment, and the mandatory follow-up testing after release.
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Massive Transfusion
Lookup reference for the transfusion service's role during an activated massive transfusion protocol (MTP), rapid ABO confirmation, continuous product logistics, ongoing compatibility strategy, and documentation, distinct from clinical resuscitation decisions.
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Compatibility Quality Checks
Reference for identity verification, reagent/LIS control checks, visual product inspection, and final release hard stops in compatibility testing.
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Blood Ordering
Lookup reference for transfusion order completeness, required order elements, urgency-coding tiers, and when the laboratory must clarify an order before testing or issue.
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Patient Identification for Transfusion
Lookup reference for the identity-verification chain in transfusion, checkpoints from specimen collection through issue, and the required response to a discovered identity discrepancy.
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Blood Administration
Lookup reference for the laboratory's role at issue and start of transfusion, final verification, unit-integrity inspection, and the communication interface with the bedside team. Does not cover infusion technique, which is clinical (nursing/medical) scope.
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Transfusion Monitoring . Laboratory Interface
Lookup reference for the laboratory's role once a transfusion reaction is suspected, immediate actions, the core reaction workup panel, and when a case becomes a product-recall or donor-notification issue.
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Special Blood Products
Lookup reference for irradiated, CMV-safe, washed, phenotype-matched, and aliquoted blood products, what each modification changes, the population it protects, and how the laboratory verifies and stewards a limited, order/policy-driven inventory.
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Neonatal Transfusion
Lookup reference for neonatal transfusion laboratory practice, special product attributes, aliquot preparation and traceability, and identity controls specific to neonatal and NICU patients.
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Massive Transfusion Protocol
Lookup reference for the transfusion service's MTP workflow, activation logistics, the continuous product log, the evolving compatibility strategy, and documentation through deactivation.
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Transfusion Support
Lookup reference for ongoing transfusion-service support of complex, multiply-transfused patients, antibody history continuity, special product tracking, inventory-constraint management, and structured handoffs.
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Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (AHTR)
Lookup reference for the acute hemolytic transfusion reaction laboratory workup, clerical check, visual hemolysis inspection, DAT, and ABO/Rh recheck, and the findings pattern that supports ABO-incompatible hemolysis.
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Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR)
Lookup reference for the delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction workup, anamnestic alloantibody response, antibody screen/identification, DAT, elution, and the distinction between DHTR and DSTR.
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Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR)
Lookup reference for febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions, the exclusion workup that supports the classification, and the leukoreduction/storage context that informs risk without replacing that workup.
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Allergic Transfusion Reaction
Lookup reference for allergic transfusion reactions, laboratory review after hemolysis exclusion, plasma-content risk context, prior-history review, and the severity threshold for escalating toward the anaphylaxis pathway.
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Anaphylactic Transfusion Reaction
Lookup reference for anaphylactic transfusion reactions, systemic severity threshold, the IgA-deficiency/anti-IgA mechanism, and laboratory investigation/communication and product-attribute review, not emergency treatment.
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Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
Lookup reference for TRALI, the clinical diagnostic criteria, the donor-antibody mechanism, and the laboratory's notification, quarantine, and donor follow-up interface role.
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TACO (Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload)
Lookup reference for TACO, laboratory-relevant documentation clues that distinguish it from TRALI, the standard reaction workup, and hemovigilance reporting classification.
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Septic Transfusion Reactions
Lookup reference for suspected bacterial contamination of a transfused component, unit quarantine, gram stain/culture pathway of residual content, and platelet-specific risk.
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Laboratory Investigation of Transfusion Reactions
Lookup reference for the core transfusion-reaction laboratory algorithm, stop notification, clerical check, visual plasma inspection, DAT, repeat ABO/Rh, and extended workup triggers.
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Blood Bank Quality Control
Lookup reference for reagent, method, and check-cell quality control in the blood bank, what gets checked, expected results, and the required response to a failed control.
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Blood Bank Traceability
Lookup reference for bidirectional blood bank traceability, the identifier chain linking donation, component, and recipient in both directions.
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Blood Bank Quality Documentation
Lookup reference for blood bank quality documentation . SOPs, testing worksheets, issue/tag records, and deviation reports, and the contemporaneous-documentation principle.
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Blood Bank Equipment Validation
Lookup reference for blood bank equipment validation and requalification, what triggers it, what it confirms, and how it differs from calibration and daily QC.
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Blood Bank Temperature Monitoring
Lookup reference for continuous blood bank temperature monitoring, excursion recognition, and the quarantine-evaluate-document disposition pathway.
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Blood Storage . Quality & Safety
Lookup reference for storage as a quality control point, documented temperature/agitation compliance, unit-specific dating, visual inspection at each handoff, and excursion disposition before issue.
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Blood Bank Inventory Management
Lookup reference for rotation, crossmatched-reserve release, shortage escalation, and discard documentation, the inventory functions that keep the blood supply moving without compromising identity, dating, or traceability.
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Quality Control Materials
Quick reference: QC materials are known-target samples, match assay, level, lot, storage, and expiry before daily use.
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Running Daily QC
Quick reference: prepare → run → document → review QC before patient release; frequency is SOP/assay-specific.
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Reading QC Results
Quick reference: read mean/target and acceptable range, use the chart visually, then accept or reject before patients.
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Westgard Rules (Simple Practical Approach)
Quick reference: Westgard rules as visual chart flags, what you see, what it means, what to do per local SOP.
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When QC Fails
Quick reference: QC fail → hold, do not release, notify/escalate, troubleshoot, never release because patients 'look okay.'
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Corrective Actions
Quick reference: practical QC fixes (new bottle, lot/expiry, rerun, calibrate if SOP, maintenance), confirm QC, then document what worked.
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Calibration vs Quality Control
Quick reference: calibration sets/adjusts instrument response; QC checks trustworthiness, neither replaces the other.
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Instrument Maintenance Basics
Quick reference: daily start checks, cleaning, fluidics/optics awareness, and scheduled maintenance, skipped care leads to QC drift/fails and unreliable patients.
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Documentation
Quick reference: record who, what, when, result, and action, incomplete or backdated records destroy trust.
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External Quality Assessment (Proficiency Testing)
Quick reference: EQA/PT uses external unknown/challenge samples to compare laboratory performance with peers or expected results, investigate unacceptable outcomes.
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Traceability
Quick reference: follow a result back to specimen, reagents/lots, equipment, operator, time, and method, missing links block investigation and patient protection.
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Incident Reporting
Quick reference: report errors, near misses, and unsafe events promptly and honestly, protect patients first; prefer learning culture over blame.
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QC Failure Before Patient Testing
Quick reference: a failed control means hold patient testing, investigate the cause, fix, reverify, then resume.
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Analyzer Calibration Failure
Quick reference: failed calibration invalidates the whole measuring system, quarantine, correct, reverify, then resume.
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Hemolyzed Specimen
Quick reference: grade the hemolysis, identify affected analytes, and reject/recollect rather than silently release a misleading value.
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Mislabeled Specimen
Quick reference: never relabel on request, stop, escalate, recollect, and document as an identification incident.
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Critical Value Reporting
Quick reference: verify, communicate promptly to an authorized receiver, get a read-back, document, and escalate if unreachable, never delay notification.
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Temperature Excursion
Quick reference: quarantine affected reagents, controls, and specimens; assess duration and severity against storage requirements before using or discarding.
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Delta Check Investigation
Quick reference: a sharp, unexplained difference from a recent prior result must be investigated, identity, specimen, instrument, and true clinical change are all possible causes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about using this Additional Test References collection Medical Laboratory Library reference in Medical Laboratory Science education.
What is the Additional Test References collection?
Additional Test References is a Medical Laboratory Library reference collection for Medical Laboratory Science lookup alongside laboratory test catalogues.
How do I search within this collection?
Use the filter on this page by title or abbreviation, or return to the Laboratory Library hub search for cross-collection lookup.
How does this relate to laboratory tests?
These encyclopedia references support laboratory interpretation and teaching. Browse discipline laboratory test catalogues for structured assay references.
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